简体中文

AC-16-胞浆丝状/微管型

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描述 微管及中间纤维的染色由核边缘 / 核被膜向外弥散分布。
Staining of microtubules and intermediate filaments spreading outward from the nuclear rim/nuclear envelope.
抗原相关性 细胞角蛋白 8、18、19，原肌球蛋白，微管蛋白，波形蛋白 Cytokeratins 8, 18, 19, tropomyosin, tubulin, vimentin

  • 临床相关性

    一级信息

    关于临床相关性和缩写列表

    Clinical Relevance

    First level information

    About Clinical Relevance & List of Abbreviations
  • ▶可见于多种疾病，但 AC‑16 荧光模式对任一疾病均缺乏较高的阳性预测值。
    注释：针对这些自身抗体的特异性免疫检测试剂目前尚未商品化。
    ▶Found in various diseases, but the AC-16 pattern has low positive predictive value for any disease.
    Notes: Specific immunoassays for these autoantibodies are currently not commercially available.
  • 二级信息
    Second level information
  • 抗细胞角蛋白 8、18、19 自身抗体：
    ▶与健康志愿者及慢性活动性丙型肝炎病毒感染患者相比，自身免疫性肝炎患者体内抗细胞角蛋白 8、抗细胞角蛋白 18 及抗细胞角蛋白 19 自身抗体水平更高 [1]。
    ▶有研究报道，45‑kDa 人细胞角蛋白 18 蛋白的自身抗体见于 76% 的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者及 24% 的对照组受试者 [2]。
    ▶特发性肺纤维化患者中可检出抗细胞角蛋白 18 自身抗体以及包含细胞角蛋白 18 的免疫复合物 [3]。
    ▶相较于健康对照、慢性支气管炎及肺炎患者，特发性肺纤维化以及结缔组织病相关肺纤维化患者体内抗细胞角蛋白 19 抗体水平更高 [4]。
    抗原肌球蛋白自身抗体：
    ▶抗原肌球蛋白抗体被报道可作为溃疡性结肠炎的标志性抗体，有助于将其与克罗恩病进行鉴别诊断 [5]。
    抗微管蛋白自身抗体：
    ▶该抗体见于 50% 酒精性肝病患者血清，而在慢性活动性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者及健康对照血清中仅占 7‑13%[6]。
    ▶在部分寄生虫感染患者中检出率较高 [7]。
    ▶抗微管蛋白 IgM 自身抗体可见于传染性单核细胞增多症患者以及健康成年人 [8]。
    ▶抗微管蛋白 IgG 自身抗体的检出与青年起病的鼻咽癌存在特异性关联 [9]。
    ▶有 1 例进展性感觉运动性神经病患者的病例报道 [10]。
    ▶高滴度多克隆抗微管蛋白自身抗体与获得性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病相关 [11,12]。
    ▶健康对照人群可检出低水平该自身抗体 [13]。
    ▶被报道为西登哈姆舞蹈症及 PANDAS 综合征的生物标志物之一 [14]。
    ▶IgA‑抗‑TBB5 主要见于酒精相关性肝病（39%）；IgG‑抗‑TBB5 对未经治疗的自身免疫性肝炎具有较高特异性。上述抗体的存在可能提示对免疫抑制治疗应答不佳 [15]。
    抗波形蛋白自身抗体：
    ▶抗波形蛋白 IgG 及 IgM 自身抗体被报道可作为 1 型神经纤维瘤病及其相关肿瘤的相关标志物 [16]。
    ▶类风湿关节炎及其他炎性关节炎患者可产生抗波形蛋白瓜氨酸化亚型抗体；但这类抗体一般不会呈现 AC‑16荧光模式 [17]。
    ▶实体器官移植后可检出该抗体，并且与心脏、肾脏移植后的排斥反应及不良预后相关 [18,19]。
    ▶抗波形蛋白抗体水平升高，是有自发性流产史女性发生妊娠丢失的独立预测因子 [20]。
    注释：绝大多数文献报道均采用抗原特异性免疫检测方法检测直接结合靶抗原的自身抗体，尚无研究证实这些抗体与 AC‑16荧光模式存在相关性。
    Autoantibodies to cytokeratin 8, 18, 19:
    ▶Higher levels of autoantibodies to cytokeratin 8, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 reported in patients with autoimmune hepatitis compared with normal volunteers and patients with chronic active hepatitis C virus infection [1].
    ▶Autoantibody against the 45-kDa human cytokeratin 18 protein reported in 76% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and 24% of control subjects [2].
    ▶Autoantibodies to cytokeratin 18 and immune complexes containing cytokeratin 18 reported in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [3].
    ▶Higher levels of anti-cytokeratin 19 reported in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen vascular disorders compared with healthy controls, patients with chronic bronchitis, and patients with pneumonia [4].
    Autoantibodies to tropomyosin:
    ▶Tropomyosin antibodies were reported in ulcerative colitis as marker antibodies, helping with the diagnostic distinction from Crohn's disease [5].
    Autoantibodies to tubulin:
    ▶Reported in 50% of sera from patients with alcoholic liver disease, but in only 7 – 13% of sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and healthy controls [6].
    ▶Reported in high prevalence in patients with certain parasitic infections [7].
    ▶IgM autoantibodies to tubulin have been described in patients with infectious mononucleosis and healthy adults [8].
    ▶IgG autoantibodies to tubulin have been detected specifically associated with young age onset of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [9].
    ▶Reported in a single case of a patient with a progressive sensorimotor neuropathy [10].
    ▶High levels of polyclonal autoantibodies to tubulin are associated with acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies [11, 12].
    ▶Low levels of autoantibodies are reported in healthy controls [13].
    ▶Reported as one of the biomarkers for Sydenham’s chorea and PANDAS syndrome [14].
    ▶IgA-anti-TBB5 was mainly found in alcohol-associated liver disease (39%) and IgG-anti-TBB5 had high specificity for untreated autoimmune hepatitis. Their presence may indicate a poor response to immune suppression therapy [15].
    Autoantibodies to vimentin:
    ▶IgG and IgM autoantibodies to vimentin have been reported as relevant markers in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and associated tumors [16].
    ▶Rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritis patients may have antibodies to citrullinated isoforms of vimentin; it is, however, unlikely that these antibodies show the AC-16 pattern [17].
    ▶Reported to occur after solid organ transplantation and implicated in rejection and poor outcome in cardiac or renal transplantation [18, 19].
    ▶Elevated anti-vimentin levels identified as independent predictors of pregnancy loss in women with a history of spontaneous miscarriage [20].
    Notes: Most reports describe autoantibodies directly binding to specific antigens (i.e., antigen-specific immunoassays) and none actually show correlations with the AC-16 pattern.
  • 参考文献
  • 1.Murota M, Nishioka M, Fujita J, Dobashi N, Wu F, Ohtsuki Y, Hojo S, Takahara J, et al. Anti-cytokeratin antibodies in sera of the patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001;125:291-9.
    2.Kuo YB, Chang CA, Wu YK, Hsieh MJ, Tsai CH, Chen KT, Chen CY, Chan EC. Identification and clinical association of anti-cytokeratin 18 autoantibody in COPD. Immunol Lett. 2010;128:131-6.
    3.Dobashi N, Fujita J, Murota M, Ohtsuki Y, Yamadori I, Yoshinouchi T, Ueda R, Bandoh S, et al. Elevation of anti-cytokeratin 18 antibody and circulating cytokeratin 18: anti-cytokeratin 18 antibody immune complexes in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lung. 2000;178:171-9.
    4.Fujita J, Dobashi N, Ohtsuki Y, Yamadori I, Yoshinouchi T, Kamei T, Tokuda M, Hojo S, et al. Elevation of anti-cytokeratin 19 antibody in sera of the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen vascular disorders. Lung. 1999;177:311-9.
    5.Mirza ZK, Sastri B, Lin JJ, Amenta PS, Das KM. Autoimmunity against human tropomyosin isoforms in ulcerative colitis: localization of specific human tropomyosin isoforms in the intestine and extraintestinal organs. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:1036-43.
    6.Kurki P, Miettinen A, Salaspuro M, Virtanen I, Stenman S. Cytoskeleton antibodies in chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology. 1983;3:297-302.
    7.Howard MK, Gull K, Miles MA. Antibodies to tubulin in patients with parasitic infections. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;68:78-85.
    8.Mead GM, Cowin P, Whitehouse JM. Antitubulin antibody in healthy adults and patients with infectious mononucleosis and its relationship to smooth muscle antibody (SMA). Clin Exp Immunol. 1980;39:328-36.
    9.Jalbout M, Bel Hadj Jrad B, Bouaouina N, Gargouri J, Yacoub S, Zakhama A, Khlifa R, Chouchane L. Autoantibodies to tubulin are specifically associated with the young age onset of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2002;101:146-50.
    10.Stubbs EB, Jr., Fisher MA, Siegel GJ. Anti-tubulin antibodies in a sensorimotor neuropathy patient alter tubulin polymerization. Acta Neuropathol. 1998;95:302-5.
    11.Connolly AM, Pestronk A. Anti-tubulin autoantibodies in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies. J Infect Dis. 1997;176 Suppl 2:S157-9.
    12.Manfredini E, Nobile-Orazio E, Allaria S, Scarlato G. Anti-alpha- and beta-tubulin IgM antibodies in dysimmune neuropathies. J Neurol Sci. 1995;133:79-84.
    13.Karsenti E, Guilbert B, Bornens M, Avrameas S. Antibodies to tubulin in normal nonimmunized animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74:3997-4001.
    14.Kirvan CA, Cox CJ, Swedo SE, Cunningham MW. Tubulin is a neuronal target of autoantibodies in Sydenham's chorea. J Immunol. 2007;178:7412-21.
    15.Preuss B, Frank A, Terjung B, Spengler U, Berg C, Klein R. Autoantibodies to beta tubulin in autoimmune liver diseases-Relation to pANCA and clinical relevance. Clin Exp Immunol. 2024;216:146-58.
    16.Kotaska K, Petrak B, Kukacka J, Kraus J, Prusa R. Anti-vimentin antibodies and neuron-specific enolase in children with neurofibromatosis type-1. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007;28:761-4.
    17.Tilleman K, Van Steendam K, Cantaert T, De Keyser F, Elewaut D, Deforce D. Synovial detection and autoantibody reactivity of processed citrullinated isoforms of vimentin in inflammatory arthritides. Rheumatology. 2008;47:597-604.
    18.Mahesh B, Leong HS, McCormack A, Sarathchandra P, Holder A, Rose ML. Autoantibodies to vimentin cause accelerated rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Pathol. 2007;170:1415-27.
    19.Besarani D, Cerundolo L, Smith JD, Procter J, Barnardo MC, Roberts IS, Friend PJ, Rose ML, et al. Role of anti-vimentin antibodies in renal transplantation. Transplantation. 2014;98:72-8.
    20.Xiang J, Bao R, Zhang J, Cai Z. Association between antivimentin/cardiolipin antibodies and pregnancy loss in pregnant women with at least one spontaneous miscarriage. BMC Immunol. 2025;26:56.

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